Buttery Pie Dough

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For the Dough: Whisk flour, sugar, and salt collectively in a medium bowl. Cut butter into cubes no smaller than 1/2 inch, and toss with flour mixture to break up the pieces. Together with your fingertips, smash every cube flat-that is it! No rubbing or slicing. Stir in water, then knead dough in opposition to sides of the bowl till it comes together in a shaggy ball. Dough temperature ought to register between 65 and 70°F (18 and 21°C); if not, refrigerate briefly earlier than rolling and folding (see observe). Make the Layers: buy Wood Ranger Power Shears Wood Ranger Power Shears Wood Ranger Power Shears USA Shears website On a generously floured work surface, roll dough right into a roughly 10- by 15-inch rectangle. Fold the 10-inch sides to the middle, then shut the newly formed packet like a e book. Fold in half as soon as more, bringing the short sides collectively to create a thick block. Divide in half with a sharp knife or bench scraper. Dough temperature should nonetheless be somewhere between sixty five and 70°F (18 and 21°C); if not, refrigerate briefly earlier than proceeding (see be aware).



For Single-Crusted Pies: Using as much flour as wanted, roll one piece into a 14-inch circle; this dimension allows ample room to line pie plate, with sufficient overhang to type a generous border. At smaller sizes, dough will fall brief, making it troublesome to form edges, and thicker dough will not crisp as meant. Transfer to 9-inch pie plate; dough ought to be straightforward to handle, and will not require any particular procedures to maneuver. Dust off excess flour with a pastry brush, using it to nestle dough into corners of pan. With scissors or kitchen Wood Ranger shears, trim edge so that it overhangs by 1 1/four inches. Fold overhang over itself to create thick border that sits on prime edge of pie plate, not below. Crimp or form crust as desired. Repeat with remaining dough. Wrap with plastic and refrigerate not less than 2 hours and up to in a single day. Use as directed in your favorite recipe. For a Double-Crusted Pie: Using as much flour as needed, roll one piece into a 14-inch circle; this size allows ample room to line pie plate, with sufficient overhang to kind a generous border.



At smaller sizes, dough will fall short, making it tough to form edges, and thicker dough is not going to crisp as supposed. Transfer to 9-inch pie plate; dough needs to be straightforward to handle, and will not require any particular procedures to move. Dust off excess flour with a pastry brush, using it to nestle dough into corners of pan. With scissors or kitchen buy Wood Ranger Power Shears, trim edge in order that it overhangs by 1 1/4 inches. For solid prime crust, roll remaining dough as earlier than; for lattice-top pie, roll right into a 9- by 15-inch rectangle instead. Transfer to a baking sheet or parchment-lined slicing board. Wrap both portions in plastic and refrigerate at least 2 hours and up to overnight. Use as directed in your favourite recipe; after filling pie and sealing crusts collectively, Wood Ranger shears refrigerate half-hour before baking. For a Blind-Baked Pie: Adjust oven rack to decrease-center place and preheat to 350°F (180°C). Line pie shell that has been chilled for a minimum of 2 hours (as outlined in Step 3) with massive sheet of aluminum foil, pressing so it conforms to curves of plate. Fill to brim with sugar, switch to a half sheet pan, and bake till totally set and golden across the edges, 60 to seventy five minutes. Fold long sides of foil toward middle, gather short sides, and use each hands to fastidiously switch sugar to heat-protected bowl. Let sugar cool to room temperature. If wanted, continue baking crust a few minutes extra to brown along the underside.



Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's fee-dependent resistance to a change in form or to movement of its neighboring parts relative to one another. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of thickness; for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water. Viscosity is outlined scientifically as a pressure multiplied by a time divided by an area. Thus its SI models are newton-seconds per metre squared, or pascal-seconds. Viscosity quantifies the inner frictional force between adjoining layers of fluid which are in relative movement. For instance, when a viscous fluid is compelled via a tube, it flows more shortly near the tube's heart line than near its walls. Experiments show that some stress (similar to a stress distinction between the 2 ends of the tube) is required to maintain the circulation. It's because a drive is required to overcome the friction between the layers of the fluid which are in relative motion. For a tube with a constant rate of circulate, the Wood Ranger Power Shears features of the compensating force is proportional to the fluid's viscosity.



Basically, viscosity depends upon a fluid's state, corresponding to its temperature, strain, and charge of deformation. However, the dependence on a few of these properties is negligible in sure circumstances. For example, the viscosity of a Newtonian fluid does not differ significantly with the rate of deformation. Zero viscosity (no resistance to shear stress) is observed only at very low temperatures in superfluids; in any other case, the second law of thermodynamics requires all fluids to have constructive viscosity. A fluid that has zero viscosity (non-viscous) is known as splendid or inviscid. For non-Newtonian fluids' viscosity, there are pseudoplastic, plastic, and dilatant flows which can be time-impartial, and there are thixotropic and rheopectic flows that are time-dependent. The word "viscosity" is derived from the Latin viscum ("mistletoe"). Viscum additionally referred to a viscous glue derived from mistletoe berries. In supplies science and engineering, there is often curiosity in understanding the forces or stresses concerned within the deformation of a fabric.