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Introduction of Voice Assistants
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=== The Era of Voice Assistants === Since Siri’s debut in 2011, many other tech companies have introduced their Voice Assistant (VA) systems, enhancing their speech recognition algorithms with the release of new voice bots nearly every year until 2017. The second VA to emerge in the marketplace was Google Now, introduced during the winter of 2012. Google Now was considered to have outperformed Siri<ref>Google Now wins ‘Innovation of the Year’ award, runs laps around ‘outdated’ Siri. Brad Reed. Updated Nov 15th, 2012 5:17 PM EST. ''BGR.com''</ref>, for its capacity to proactively meet user needs by accessing data such as calendar, location, and other user-specific information. Google Now was followed by Microsoft’s [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/cortana Cortana]<sup>[[Introduction of Voice Assistants#Notes|4]]</sup>, presented at the BUILD developer conference on the 2nd of April 2014. Cortana not only was able to retrieve information from the user’s devices, as Google Now did, but it was also able to use Bing knowledge graph [https://searchengineland.com/bing-snapshots-people-places-things-satori-152460 Satori] to enhance online searches. The formal release of Cortana happened in 2015, together with the introduction of the new Windows 10 operating system. In the meantime, in 2014 Amazon's [https://alexa.amazon.com/ Alexa] disrupted the market by becoming the first standalone voice assistant. Alexa not only had a better machine-learning algorithm, but when it was launched, Amazon announced that it would have its own separate device, namely Amazon Echo, which was released only one year later in the US, and two years later in the UK and Europe. Until this release, voice assistants were part of other, more complex products (e.g. PCs, smartphones), Alexa together with Amazon Echo was the first stand-alone VA<sup>[[Introduction of Voice Assistants#Notes|5]]</sup>. In 2016, Google entered the VA arena with Google Assistant, initially accessible exclusively through the messaging app [https://allo.google.com/ Allo], followed by its release for Google smart devices, particularly Google Home, later that year. The latest company to enter the VA market was Samsung, which released its assistant Bixby only in 2017. Probably as a consequence of this late arrival, Bixby never affirmed itself on the market, remaining in the back rows of Voice Assistants.
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