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Commerical TTS - Google, Amazon, Apple and Microsoft (2010s)
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=== Google === Google began exploring text-to-speech (TTS) in earnest when it acquired the British-based artificial company, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_DeepMind DeepMind], in January 2014.<ref>Hodson, H. (n.d.). DeepMind and Google: The battle to control artificial intelligence.</ref> Though DeepMind maintains a portion of control over its intellectual property, exclusive of Google, the foundations derived from the subsidiary have helped create some of the widely recognized devices that utilize TTS today. In 2016, DeepMind revealed to the world WaveNet, a deep neural network for generating raw audio waveforms.<ref>Oord, A. van den, Dieleman, S., Zen, H., Simonyan, K., Vinyals, O., Graves, A., Kalchbrenner, N., Senior, A., & Kavukcuoglu, K. (2016). WaveNet: A Generative Model for Raw Audio (arXiv:1609.03499). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1609.03499</ref> Following the release of WaveNet, Google began to create and refine multiple products, utilizing WaveNet’s model, including Google Assistant, released in the same year, and eventually Google Cloud Speech API, released in 2017. The power that WaveNet had over other TTS models was clear, as Google Assistant began to take the stage as the forefront of Intelligent Personal Assistants, overtaking both Siri and Cortant, and only being matched by Alexa in some regards.<ref>Berdasco, A., López, G., Diaz, I., Quesada, L., & Guerrero, L. A. (2019). User Experience Comparison of Intelligent Personal Assistants: Alexa, Google Assistant, Siri and Cortana. Proceedings, 31(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019031051</ref>
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