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Carnegie Mellon's Harpy System
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== Impact == The Harpy system was a dark horse during speech recognition development. It showed a greater performance than previous systems. * It was the first machine that was capable of understanding '''1,011''' words<ref name=":2">McNamara. C. (2016) A brief history of speech recognition. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/brief-history-speech-recognition-cronan-mcnamara/</ref>, which was a substantial improvement as previous model can recognize only less than 20 words. * Harpy was also capable of recognizing complete sentences<ref name=":0" />. * Moreover, the optimization of the previous systems and newly incorporated heuristics both benefited the '''speed''' (requires 4.5 million machine instructions per second) and '''accuracy''' (70.9%-88.6% utterance accuracy) of the recognition<ref name=":0" />. * The system also performed quite well for data with background noise<ref>Yegnanarayana. B, Raj. R. D. (1977). Performance of Harpy speech recognition system for speech input with quantization noise. ''J. Acoust. Soc. Am.'' 1; 62 (S1): S27. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2016106</nowiki></ref>. * By incorporating Harpy system and the method of HMM (hidden Markow models), Carnegie Mellon University later developed the '''Sphinx system'''<ref>Juang, B. H., & Rabiner, L. R. (2005). Automatic speech recognition–a brief history of the technology development. ''Georgia Institute of Technology. Atlanta Rutgers University and the University of California. Santa Barbara'', ''1'', 67.</ref>.
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